A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of Administrator::insert() should be compatible with MY_Model::insert($data, $temp_key = NULL)

Filename: system/Administrator.php

Line Number: 259

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/models/system/BackPlatform.php
Line: 8
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of Administrator::update($idx) should be compatible with MY_Model::update($idx, $data)

Filename: system/Administrator.php

Line Number: 281

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/models/system/BackPlatform.php
Line: 8
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of Menu::insert() should be compatible with MY_Model::insert($data, $temp_key = NULL)

Filename: system/Menu.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/models/system/BackPlatform.php
Line: 9
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of Menu::update($idx) should be compatible with MY_Model::update($idx, $data)

Filename: system/Menu.php

Line Number: 95

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/models/system/BackPlatform.php
Line: 9
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of MenuCategory::insert() should be compatible with MY_Model::insert($data, $temp_key = NULL)

Filename: system/MenuCategory.php

Line Number: 58

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/models/system/Menu.php
Line: 29
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/models/system/BackPlatform.php
Line: 9
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of MenuCategory::update($idx) should be compatible with MY_Model::update($idx, $data)

Filename: system/MenuCategory.php

Line Number: 68

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/models/system/Menu.php
Line: 29
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/models/system/BackPlatform.php
Line: 9
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of Logo::upload_image($sub_idx) should be compatible with MY_Model::upload_image($idx, $temp_key = NULL)

Filename: system/Logo.php

Line Number: 100

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/models/system/BackPlatform.php
Line: 12
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of Logo::delete_image($sub_idx = NULL) should be compatible with MY_Model::delete_image($idx, $temp_key = NULL)

Filename: system/Logo.php

Line Number: 119

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/models/system/BackPlatform.php
Line: 12
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of SEO::insert($property, $property_idx, $data) should be compatible with MY_Model::insert($data, $temp_key = NULL)

Filename: system/SEO.php

Line Number: 129

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of SEO::update($property, $property_idx, $data) should be compatible with MY_Model::update($idx, $data)

Filename: system/SEO.php

Line Number: 151

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of SiteInfo::get() should be compatible with MY_Model::get($idx)

Filename: system/SiteInfo.php

Line Number: 24

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of SiteInfo::update() should be compatible with MY_Model::update($idx, $data)

Filename: system/SiteInfo.php

Line Number: 37

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of Google::update() should be compatible with MY_Model::update($idx, $data)

Filename: system/Google.php

Line Number: 34

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of Article::insert() should be compatible with MY_Model::insert($data, $temp_key = NULL)

Filename: customize/Article.php

Line Number: 257

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 8
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of Article::update($idx) should be compatible with MY_Model::update($idx, $data)

Filename: customize/Article.php

Line Number: 285

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 8
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of Article::upload_image($idx, $sub_idx) should be compatible with MY_Model::upload_image($idx, $temp_key = NULL)

Filename: customize/Article.php

Line Number: 307

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 8
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of Article_category::insert() should be compatible with MY_Model::insert($data, $temp_key = NULL)

Filename: customize/Article_category.php

Line Number: 49

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/models/customize/Article.php
Line: 31
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 8
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of Article_category::update($idx) should be compatible with MY_Model::update($idx, $data)

Filename: customize/Article_category.php

Line Number: 61

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/models/customize/Article.php
Line: 31
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 8
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of Article_tag::update($idx) should be compatible with MY_Model::update($idx, $data)

Filename: customize/Article_tag.php

Line Number: 71

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/models/customize/Article.php
Line: 32
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 8
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of A2t::insert($article_idx, $tag_idx) should be compatible with MY_Model::insert($data, $temp_key = NULL)

Filename: customize/A2t.php

Line Number: 134

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/models/customize/Article_tag.php
Line: 20
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/models/customize/Article.php
Line: 32
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 8
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of A2p::insert($article_idx, $product_idx) should be compatible with MY_Model::insert($data, $temp_key = NULL)

Filename: customize/A2p.php

Line Number: 134

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/models/customize/Article.php
Line: 33
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 8
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of Product::insert($temp_key) should be compatible with MY_Model::insert($data, $temp_key = NULL)

Filename: customize/Product.php

Line Number: 288

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/models/customize/A2p.php
Line: 19
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/models/customize/Article.php
Line: 33
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 8
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of Product::update($idx) should be compatible with MY_Model::update($idx, $data)

Filename: customize/Product.php

Line Number: 305

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/models/customize/A2p.php
Line: 19
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/models/customize/Article.php
Line: 33
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 8
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of Product_category::insert() should be compatible with MY_Model::insert($data, $temp_key = NULL)

Filename: customize/Product_category.php

Line Number: 189

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/models/customize/Product.php
Line: 39
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/models/customize/A2p.php
Line: 19
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/models/customize/Article.php
Line: 33
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 8
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of Product_category::update($idx) should be compatible with MY_Model::update($idx, $data)

Filename: customize/Product_category.php

Line Number: 202

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/models/customize/Product.php
Line: 39
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/models/customize/A2p.php
Line: 19
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/models/customize/Article.php
Line: 33
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 8
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of A2c::insert($article_idx, $category_idx) should be compatible with MY_Model::insert($data, $temp_key = NULL)

Filename: customize/A2c.php

Line Number: 132

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 14
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of Tracking_code::insert($temp_key) should be compatible with MY_Model::insert($data, $temp_key = NULL)

Filename: customize/Tracking_code.php

Line Number: 35

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/helpers/header_helper.php
Line: 9
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 207
Function: get_header_footer

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 224
Function: article

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of Tracking_code::update($idx) should be compatible with MY_Model::update($idx, $data)

Filename: customize/Tracking_code.php

Line Number: 47

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/helpers/header_helper.php
Line: 9
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 207
Function: get_header_footer

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 224
Function: article

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of About::insert() should be compatible with MY_Model::insert($data, $temp_key = NULL)

Filename: customize/About.php

Line Number: 25

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/helpers/header_helper.php
Line: 10
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 207
Function: get_header_footer

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 224
Function: article

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of About::update($idx) should be compatible with MY_Model::update($idx, $data)

Filename: customize/About.php

Line Number: 36

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/helpers/header_helper.php
Line: 10
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 207
Function: get_header_footer

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 224
Function: article

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of Service::insert() should be compatible with MY_Model::insert($data, $temp_key = NULL)

Filename: customize/Service.php

Line Number: 25

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/helpers/header_helper.php
Line: 11
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 207
Function: get_header_footer

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 224
Function: article

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of Service::update($idx) should be compatible with MY_Model::update($idx, $data)

Filename: customize/Service.php

Line Number: 38

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/helpers/header_helper.php
Line: 11
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 207
Function: get_header_footer

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 224
Function: article

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of Front_menu::update($idx) should be compatible with MY_Model::update($idx, $data)

Filename: customize/Front_menu.php

Line Number: 102

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/helpers/header_helper.php
Line: 12
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 207
Function: get_header_footer

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 224
Function: article

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

[php] 從 array 中取值 / get an element from an array

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of User::update($idx) should be compatible with MY_Model::update($idx, $data)

Filename: customize/User.php

Line Number: 89

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/helpers/user_helper.php
Line: 23
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/views/front/common/menu_mobile.php
Line: 17
Function: is_user_login

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/helpers/header_helper.php
Line: 66
Function: view

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 207
Function: get_header_footer

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 224
Function: article

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of Cart_setting::get() should be compatible with MY_Model::get($idx)

Filename: system/Cart_setting.php

Line Number: 18

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/models/system/Cart.php
Line: 11
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/helpers/cart_helper.php
Line: 9
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/views/front/common/menu_mobile.php
Line: 23
Function: get_cart_quantity

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/helpers/header_helper.php
Line: 66
Function: view

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 207
Function: get_header_footer

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 224
Function: article

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of Cart_setting::update() should be compatible with MY_Model::update($idx, $data)

Filename: system/Cart_setting.php

Line Number: 31

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/models/system/Cart.php
Line: 11
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/helpers/cart_helper.php
Line: 9
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/views/front/common/menu_mobile.php
Line: 23
Function: get_cart_quantity

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/helpers/header_helper.php
Line: 66
Function: view

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 207
Function: get_header_footer

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 224
Function: article

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

0

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of Page_banner::update($idx) should be compatible with MY_Model::update($idx, $data)

Filename: customize/Page_banner.php

Line Number: 98

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/helpers/header_helper.php
Line: 153
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/views/front/blog/main.php
Line: 1
Function: get_page_banner

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 214
Function: view

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 224
Function: article

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Declaration of Page_banner::upload_image($idx, $sub_idx) should be compatible with MY_Model::upload_image($idx, $temp_key = NULL)

Filename: customize/Page_banner.php

Line Number: 110

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/helpers/header_helper.php
Line: 153
Function: model

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/views/front/blog/main.php
Line: 1
Function: get_page_banner

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 214
Function: view

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 224
Function: article

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type bool

Filename: blog/detail.php

Line Number: 19

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/views/front/blog/detail.php
Line: 19
Function: _error_handler

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 213
Function: view

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 224
Function: article

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

" alt="

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type bool

Filename: blog/detail.php

Line Number: 19

Backtrace:

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/views/front/blog/detail.php
Line: 19
Function: _error_handler

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 213
Function: view

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/application/controllers/Blog.php
Line: 224
Function: article

File: /home2/beta/public_html/lupopi/index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once

" class="img-fluid">

[php] 從 array 中取值 / get an element from an array

未分類
這是個再簡單不過的問題了



$value = $arr[$key];



不就搞定了嘛?



因為我常用一個 array 的方式

把一整沱的東西 傳進 function 裡面



用 array 的好處是

如果某個參數不需要傳遞的時候

空下來就好



如果用 function parameter 的方式

會變成這樣



call_function(null, null, null, need_value);

會變很醜



而且時間久了

誰知道第幾個參數是什麼意思?



以跟隨法人的某一段 function code 來說





function get_list($para=array())

{
$type = @$para['type'];
$action = @$para['action'];
$size = @$para['size'];


}


我會用這種方法去傳遞參數
但是這個其實不是標準用法
我只是用 @ 的方式把錯誤訊息避開
寫 code 的時候很忌諱這種方法
因為你只是裝做沒看到錯誤
錯誤還是存在的


而且如果 CodeIgniter 有開 log 記錄一些錯誤訊息
你就會看到你的 log 充滿了這種記錄


ERROR - 2013-01-18 05:43:34 --> Severity: Notice  --> Undefined variable: pare /Applications/XAMPP/xamppfiles/htdocs/stock/application/models/broker_trade.php 88




意思就是
這種錯誤的寫法遲早要改的啦!!!


剛查了一下如何檢查 array 中是否有某個 key/value 的 pair 的相關 function
歸納出這個寫法




$symbol = array_key_exists('symbol', $para) ? $para['symbol'] : null;


這樣 php 就不會噴 error
而且就算沒有傳數值進來, 接收的變數也會收到 null
只要之後的 error handling 有做好就好




--

2013-04-01 補充

果然人家早就把這種 function 寫好了

請參考 CodeIgniter Array Helper

一行搞定



element()

從陣列中讀取元素,此函數會檢查陣列索引是否已設定,且陣列值是否存在。若存在則傳回陣列值,否則傳回False或是任何你所指定的預設值(透過函數第三個參數設定)。參考範例如下:
$array = array('color' => 'red', 'shape' => 'round', 'size' => '');



// 回傳 "red"

echo element('color', $array);



// 回傳 NULL

echo element('size', $array, NULL);